François Gemenne is a specialist in environmental geopolitics and migration governance at the University of Liège, where he is an FNRS (Belgian National Fund for Scientific Research) senior research associate and director of the university’s Hugo Observatory. He also heads the Observatory of Climate Change Impacts on Defense and Security, launched by the French Ministry of Defense, jointly with Julia Tasse at IRIS, the French Institute for Strategic and International Affairs. He is a lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and also lectures on climate change and migration policies at universities including Sciences Po and Sorbonne University in Paris.